Nature-eboosy

Showing posts with label Nature. Show all posts

Wednesday, September 30, 2015

Gender, Nature, and Nurture, 2nd Edition

This engaging text presents the latest scientific findings on gender differences, similarities, and variations–in sexuality, cognitive abilities, occupational preferences, personality, and social behaviors. The impact of nature and nurture on gender is examined from the perspectives of genetics, molecular biology, evolutionary theory, neuroanatomy, sociology, and psychology. The result is a balanced, fair-minded synthesis of diverse points of view. Dr. Lippa"s text sympathetically summarizes each side of the nature-nurture debate, and in a witty imagined conversation between a personified "nature" and "nurture," he identifies weaknesses in the arguments offered by both sides. His review defines gender, summarizes research on gender differences, examines the nature of masculinity and femininity, describes theories of gender, and presents a "cascade model," which argues that nature and nurture weave together to form the complex tapestry known as gender.

Gender, Nature, and Nurture, Second Edition features:

*new research on sex differences in personality, moral thought, coping styles, sexual and antisocial behavior, and psychological adjustment;

*the results of a new meta-analysis of sex differences in real-life measures of aggression;

*new sections on non-hormonal direct genetic effects on sexual differentiation; hormones and maternal behavior; and on gender, work, and pay; and

*expanded accounts of sex differences in children"s play and activity levels; social learning theories of gender, and social constructionist views of gender.

This lively "primer" is an ideal book for courses on gender studies, the psychology of women, or of men, and gender roles. Its wealth of updated information will stimulate the professional reader, and its accessible style will captivate the student and general reader.

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Monday, September 21, 2015

The Nature and Function of Intuitive Thought and Decision Making (repost)

Lauri Järvilehto, "The Nature and Function of Intuitive Thought and Decision Making"

English | 2015 | ISBN-10: 3319181750 | 86 pages | pdf | 1 MB

This book focuses on the very nature and function of intuitive thought. It presents an up-to-date scientific model on how the non-conscious and intuitive thought processes work in human beings. The model is based on mainstream theorizing on intuition, as well as qualitative meta-analysis of the empirical data available in the research literature. It combines recent work in the fields of philosophy of mind, cognitive psychology and positive psychology. While systematic research in intuition is relatively new, there is an abundance of positions advocating more or less imaginative ideas of what intuition is about, ranging from quantum mechanical phenomena to new age ideologies. Research in the past few decades, in particular by proponents of the dual processing theory of thought such as Daniel Kahneman and Jonathan Evans, offers powerful tools to address and evaluate the question of intuition without the need to resort to spiritual entities. Within the framework of the dual processing theory, backed up by findings in positive psychology, intuition turns out to be the capacity to carry out complex cognitive operations within a specific domain of operations familiar to the agent.

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Thursday, September 17, 2015

The Joy of Pain: Schadenfreude and the Dark Side of Human Nature (repost)

Few people will easily admit to taking pleasure in the misfortunes of others. But who doesn"t enjoy it when an arrogant but untalented contestant is humiliated on American Idol, or when the embarrassing vice of a self-righteous politician is exposed, or even when an envied friend suffers a small setback? The truth is that joy in someone else"s pain–known by the German word schadenfreude–permeates our society.

In The Joy of Pain, psychologist Richard Smith, one of the world"s foremost authorities on envy and shame, sheds much light on a feeling we dare not admit. Smith argues that schadenfreude is a natural human emotion, one worth taking a closer look at, as it reveals much about who we are as human beings. We have a passion for justice. Sometimes, schadenfreude can feel like getting one"s revenge, when the suffering person has previously harmed us. But most of us are also motivated to feel good about ourselves, Smith notes, and look for ways to maintain a positive sense of self. One common way to do this is to compare ourselves to others and find areas where we are better. Similarly, the downfall of others–especially when they have seemed superior to us–can lead to a boost in our self-esteem, a lessening of feelings of inferiority. This is often at the root of schadenfreude. As the author points out, most instances of schadenfreude are harmless, on par with the pleasures of light gossip. Yet we must also be mindful that envy can motivate, without full awareness, the engineering of the misfortune we delight in. And envy-induced aggression can take us into dark territory indeed, as Smith shows as he examines the role of envy and schadenfreude in the Nazi persecution of the Jews.

Filled with engaging examples of schadenfreude, from popular reality shows to the Duke-Kentucky basketball rivalry, The Joy of Pain provides an intriguing glimpse into a hidden corner of the human psyche.

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Creating a Forest Garden: Working with Nature to Grow Edible Crops [Repost]

Offering inspiration for all gardeners, this book features beautiful color photographs and illustrations throughout, and is divided into two parts. Part One looks at why and how to grow particular crops and how to look after them for maximum health. Part Two features more than 100 perennial edibles in detail, both common and unusual, from rhubarb to skirret and Jerusalem artichoke to nodding onions. This book also provides plenty of cooking tips.

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Tuesday, September 15, 2015

Valuing Nature?: Economics, ethics and environment [Repost]

Valuing Nature?: Economics, ethics and environment by John Foster

English | May 5, 1997 | ISBN: 0415129788 | 288 Pages | PDF | 3.48 MB

Valuing Nature? questions the dominant economic methods of evaluating the environment. Innovatively, it asks what role economics should play in setting our environmental objectives. Topics include: a critique of neo-classical economic thought on the environment; environmental economics, institutions and policy; and relocating environmental economics. Contributors include Geoffrey Hodgson, Clive Spash, Micheal Jacobs, Brian Hynne, John O"Neil.

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Thursday, September 10, 2015

Systematicity: The Nature of Science

Paul Hoyningen-Huene, "Systematicity: The Nature of Science"

2013 | ISBN-10: 0199985057, 0190298332 | 304 pages | PDF | 2 MB

In Systematicity, Paul Hoyningen-Huene answers the question "What is science?" by proposing that scientific knowledge is primarily distinguished from other forms of knowledge, especially everyday knowledge, by being more systematic. "Science" is here understood in the broadest possible sense, encompassing not only the natural sciences but also mathematics, the social sciences, and the humanities. The author develops his thesis in nine dimensions in which it is claimed that science is more systematic than other forms of knowledge: regarding descriptions, explanations, predictions, the defense of knowledge claims, critical discourse, epistemic connectedness, an ideal of completeness, knowledge generation, and the representation of knowledge. He compares his view with positions on the question held by philosophers from Aristotle to Nicholas Rescher. The book concludes with an exploration of some consequences of Hoyningen-Huene"s view concerning the genesis and dynamics of science, the relationship of science and common sense, normative implications of the thesis, and the demarcation criterion between science and pseudo-science.

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The Red Queen: Sex and the Evolution of Human Nature [Audiobook]

Referring to Lewis Carroll"s Red Queen from Through the Looking-Glass, a character who has to keep running to stay in the same place, Matt Ridley demonstrates why sex is humanity"s best strategy for outwitting its constantly mutating internal predators. The Red Queen answers dozens of other riddles of human nature and culture – including why men propose marriage, the method behind our maddening notions of beauty, and the disquieting fact that a woman is more likely to conceive a child by an adulterous lover than by her husband.

Brilliantly written, The Red Queen offers an extraordinary new way of interpreting the human condition and how it has evolved.

TheRedQueen.part1.rar

TheRedQueen.part2.rar