Showing posts with label Ecology. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Ecology. Show all posts

Saturday, September 26, 2015

Global Perspective for Competitive Enterprise, Economy and Ecology: Proceedings of the 16th ISPE International... (repost)




Global Perspective for Competitive Enterprise, Economy and Ecology: Proceedings of the 16th ISPE International Conference on Concurrent Engineering by Shuo-Yan Chou, Amy Trappey, Jerzy Pokojski, Shana Smith


English | 2009 | ISBN: 184882761X | 907 pages | PDF | 15,8 MB




The general theme of the CE2009 Conference is the recognised requirement for advancements in Concurrent Engineering (CE) with a global perspective for competitive enterprise, economy and ecology. CE appeared in the "80s as the concept of parallel performing engineering design activities and the integration of all related processes. This concept is based on the general assumption that different components of the product life cycle should be considered together and relatively early. The main goal of CE is to make processes more efficient and more resistant to errors.




Since then the whole CE approach has evolved into different forms with different names and has become omnipresent. The industrial presence of CE differs from well established corporation implementations to SME applications. The last twenty years have brought many changes to the organization of product design and manufacturing: engineers have developed narrower specializations; engineers have developed a global presence; engineers work in firms which are final producers or suppliers; sometimes firms create alliances; engineers cooperate and collaborate; and they use different methods and tools their engineering activities. As a result the CE approach supports engineers in many ways.




The role of information systems in CE has always been treated as very important. First methodologies and tools were concentrated on offering the possibility to contact people and processes, to make the right information and knowledge available at the right time. The presence of computer tools in CE is treated as standard.




If one looks now at what is going on and at how many different issues are important in design, manufacturing, supply, distribution, etc., one will understand why the context of CE is so rich and so complicated, why there are so many CE specializations and why the main topic of the CE2009 Conference is of great relevance. The plurality of CE specialization has been reflected by the range of CE 2009 Conference tracks, which include Systems Engineering, Advanced Manufacture, Product Design, Design for Sustainability, Knowledge Engineering, Supply Chain Management, Collaborative Engineering, Web Technologies and Service Solutions. Apart from the enumerated tracks, the conference also has seven special sessions: Radio Frequency Identification, Collaborative Product Development, Multi-disciplinary Design and Optimization, Design Knowledge Utilization, Competitive Supply Chain Performance, Value Engineering and Competitive Design.




The proceedings contain 84 papers, demonstrating the multitude of different perspectives contained in this volume. There are papers which are theoretic and conceptual, as well as papers which have very strong industrial roots. There are also very detailed, highly specialized paper, which are closely linked to specific industrial case studies. The reader will also find papers which are based on real processes, but which operate on abstract models and which offer a bridge between industrial reality and academic research.




CE does not develop equally in each area; the direction of development depends on many factors. The content of this volume reflects the variety of issues in today"s CE methods and phenomena; consequently, readers will be able to build their own view of the present problems and methods involved in CE.












Saturday, September 19, 2015

A Biologist"s Guide to Mathematical Modeling in Ecology and Evolution (repost)




Sarah P. Otto, Troy Day, "A Biologist"s Guide to Mathematical Modeling in Ecology and Evolution"


2007 | ISBN: 0691123446 | EPUB | 744 pages | 13 MB




Thirty years ago, biologists could get by with a rudimentary grasp of mathematics and modeling. Not so today. In seeking to answer fundamental questions about how biological systems function and change over time, the modern biologist is as likely to rely on sophisticated mathematical and computer-based models as traditional fieldwork. In this book, Sarah Otto and Troy Day provide biology students with the tools necessary to both interpret models and to build their own.




The book starts at an elementary level of mathematical modeling, assuming that the reader has had high school mathematics and first-year calculus. Otto and Day then gradually build in depth and complexity, from classic models in ecology and evolution to more intricate class-structured and probabilistic models. The authors provide primers with instructive exercises to introduce readers to the more advanced subjects of linear algebra and probability theory. Through examples, they describe how models have been used to understand such topics as the spread of HIV, chaos, the age structure of a country, speciation, and extinction.




Ecologists and evolutionary biologists today need enough mathematical training to be able to assess the power and limits of biological models and to develop theories and models themselves. This innovative book will be an indispensable guide to the world of mathematical models for the next generation of biologists.


• A how-to guide for developing new mathematical models in biology


• Provides step-by-step recipes for constructing and analyzing models


• Interesting biological applications


• Explores classical models in ecology and evolution


• Questions at the end of every chapter


• Primers cover important mathematical topics


• Exercises with answers


• Appendixes summarize useful rules


• Labs and advanced material available