An Introduction to Ceramics and Refractories

An Introduction to Ceramics and Refractories by A. O. Surendranathan


2014 | ISBN: 148222044X | English | 524 pages | PDF | 5 MB

All Refractories Are Ceramics but Not All Ceramics Are Refractories




Ceramics and refractories cover a wide range of fields and applications, and their relevance can be traced as far back as 24,000 BC to the first man-made piece of earthenware, and as recently as the late 1900s when ceramics and ceramic matrix composites were developed to withstand ultra-high temperatures. Beginning with a detailed history of ceramics, An Introduction to Ceramics and Refractories examines every aspect of ceramics and refractories, and explores the connection between them. The book establishes refractories as a class of ceramics with high fusion points, introduces the fundamentals of refractories and ceramics, and also addresses several applications for each.




Understand Ceramic Properties and Refractory Behavior




The book details applications for natural and synthetic ceramics, as well as traditional and engineering applications. It focuses on the various thermal and thermo-mechanical properties of ceramics, classifies refractories, describes the principles of thermodynamics as applied to refractories, and highlights new developments and applications in the ceramic and refractory fields. It also presents end-of-chapter problems and a relevant case study.




Divided into three sections, this text:




Introduces and details the applications of ceramics and refractories


Discusses the selection of materials and the two stages in selection


Describes the phase equilibriums in ceramic and refractory systems


Outlines the three important systems: unary, binary, and ternary


Considers corrosion of ceramics and refractories, failures in ceramics and refractories, and the design aspects


Addresses bonding, structures of ceramics, defects in ceramics, and ceramics’ microstructures


Covers the production of ceramic powders starting from the raw materials


Explains four forming methods


Highlights three types of thermal treatments


Defines mechanical properties, and thermal and thermo-mechanical properties


Classifies materials and designates classes


Addressing topics that include corrosion, applications, thermal properties, and types of refractories, An Introduction to Ceramics and Refractories provides you with a basic knowledge of the fundamentals of refractories and ceramics, and presents a clear connection between refractory behavior and ceramic properties to the practicing engineer.

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Pricing in General Insurance

Pricing in General Insurance by Pietro Parodi


2014 | ISBN: 1466581441 | English | 584 pages | PDF | 5 MB

Based on the syllabus of the actuarial industry course on general insurance pricing — with additional material inspired by the author’s own experience as a practitioner and lecturer — Pricing in General Insurance presents pricing as a formalised process that starts with collecting information about a particular policyholder or risk and ends with a commercially informed rate. The main strength of this approach is that it imposes a reasonably linear narrative on the material and allows the reader to see pricing as a story and go back to the big picture at any time, putting things into context.




Written with both the student and the practicing actuary in mind, this pragmatic textbook and professional reference:




Complements the standard pricing methods with a description of techniques devised for pricing specific products (e.g., non-proportional reinsurance and property insurance)


Discusses methods applied in personal lines when there is a large amount of data and policyholders can be charged depending on many rating factors


Addresses related topics such as how to measure uncertainty, incorporate external information, model dependency, and optimize the insurance structure


Provides case studies, worked-out examples, exercises inspired by past exam questions, and step-by-step methods for dealing concretely with specific situations


Pricing in General Insurance delivers a practical introduction to all aspects of general insurance pricing, covering data preparation, frequency analysis, severity analysis, Monte Carlo simulation for the calculation of aggregate losses, burning cost analysis, and more.

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Acid Rain and the Rise of the Environmental Chemist in Nineteenth-Century Britain

Acid Rain and the Rise of the Environmental Chemist in Nineteenth-Century Britain by Peter Reed


English | 2014 | ISBN: 1409457753 | 209 pages | PDF | 2,6 MB

Robert Angus Smith (1817-1884) was a Scottish chemist and a leading investigator into what came to be known as 'acid rain'. This study of his working life, contextualized through discussion of his childhood, education, beliefs, family, interests and influences sheds light on the evolving understanding of sanitary science during the nineteenth century. Born in Glasgow and initially trained for a career in the Church of Scotland, Smith instead went on to study chemistry in Germany under Justus von Liebig. On his return to Manchester in the 1840s, Smith's strong Calvinist faith lead him to develop a strong concern for the insanitary environmental conditions in Manchester and other industrial towns in Britain. His appointment as Inspector of the Alkali Administration in 1863 enabled him to marry his social concerns and his work as an analytical chemist, and this book explores his role as Inspector of the Administration from its inception through battles with chemical manufacturers in the courts, to the struggle to widen and tighten the regulatory framework as other harmful chemical nuisances became known. This study of Smith's life and work provides an important background to the way that 'chemical' came to have such negative connotations in the century before publication of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring. It also offers a fascinating insight into the changing landscape of British politics as regulation and enforcement of the chemical industries came to be seen as necessary, and is essential reading for historians of science, technology and industry in the nineteenth century, as well as environmental historians seeking background context to the twentieth-century environmental movements.

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